tf | = | Water flow time in the storm water management system constituted of ditches (min); | |
L | = | Length of water flow into ditches between the intake and the connection point to the storm water management system (m); | |
n | = | Manning’s coefficient of the ditches determined in Table 3.6 (s/m1/3) | |
R | = | Hydraulic radius of the ditches established by assuming that the design flow flows into the ditch. If a number of ditch geometries are present on the route, L, the geometry showing the highest hydraulic radius value must be used (m); | |
S | = | Average slope of water flow (m/m); | |
60 | = | Conversion coefficient for the units. |
Type of ditch | Manning’s coefficient | |
Unprotected ditches A) Earth | ||
Without vegetation | 0.018 | |
Grassed | 0.025 | |
Sparse bush | 0.080 | |
Dense bush | 0.120 | |
B) Rock | ||
Smooth and even | 0.038 | |
Irregular with roughness | 0.043 | |
Protected ditches | ||
A) Concrete | ||
Unfinished concrete | 0.015 | |
Finishing | 0.013 | |
B) Concrete apron | ||
Stone and mortar walls | 0.018 | |
Concrete block walls | 0.023 | |
Armour stone walls (riprap) | 0.025 | |
C) Gravel apron | ||
Concrete walls | 0.019 | |
Stone and mortar walls | 0.022 | |
Armour stone walls (riprap) | 0.028 | |
D) Brick | 0.016 | |
E) Bituminous concrete | 0.015 | |
F) Wood | 0.012 | |
Road and drainage ditches | ||
A) Depth < 200 mm | ||
Grass 50 mm | 0.058 | |
Grass from 100 to 150 mm | 0.070 | |
Hay 300 mm | 0.130 | |
Hay 600 mm | 0.215 | |
B) depth from 200 to 450 mm | ||
Grass 50 mm | 0.043 | |
Grass from 100 to 150 mm | 0.050 | |
Hay 300 mm | 0.105 | |
Hay 600 mm | 0.145 |
tf | = | Water flow time in the storm water management system constituted of pipes (min); | |
L | = | Length of water flow into the pipe between the intake and the connection point to the storm water management system (m); | |
n | = | Manning’s coefficient of the pipes determined in Table 3.7 (s/m1/3) | |
D | = | Diameter of the pipe (m). If a number of pipes are present on the route, L, an average diameter must be used; | |
S | = | Average slope of water flow (m/m); | |
60 | = | Conversion coefficient for the units. |
Type of pipe | Roughness or corrugation | Manning’s coefficient | |
Round concrete pipe | Smooth | 0.013 | |
Rectangular concrete pipe | Timber formwork (rough) | 0.016 | |
Timber formwork (smooth) | 0.014 | ||
Steel formwork (smooth) | 0.013 | ||
Corrugated steel pipe Annular or helical corrugations | 68 over 13 mm (annular) | ||
Unpaved | 0.024 | ||
25% paved | 0.021 | ||
100% paved | 0.012 | ||
68 over 13 mm (helical) | |||
Unpaved | Variable with D | ||
25% paved | Variable with D | ||
100% paved | 0.012 | ||
76 over 25 mm (helical) | Variable with D | ||
150 over 25 mm | 0.024 | ||
125 over 25 mm | 0.026 | ||
75 over 25 mm | 0.028 | ||
150 over 50 mm | 0.035 | ||
Corrugated steel pipe Multiplates | Variable corrugation | 0.028 – 0.033 | |
Thermoplastic pipe | Smooth inside | 0.010 | |
Corrugated inside | 0.020 | ||
Cast iron pipe | Smooth | 0.013 | |
Steel pipe | Smooth | 0.011 | |
Wood culvert | Smooth | 0.016 |
tf | = | Water flow time in the storm water management system constituted of ditches (min); | |
L | = | Length of water flow into ditches between the intake and the connection point to the storm water management system (m); | |
n | = | Manning’s coefficient of the ditches determined in Table 3.6 (s/m1/3) | |
R | = | Hydraulic radius of the ditches established by assuming that the design flow flows into the ditch. If a number of ditch geometries are present on the route, L, the geometry showing the highest hydraulic radius value must be used (m); | |
S | = | Average slope of water flow (m/m); | |
60 | = | Conversion coefficient for the units. |
Type of ditch | Manning’s coefficient | |
Unprotected ditches A) Earth | ||
Without vegetation | 0.018 | |
Grassed | 0.025 | |
Sparse bush | 0.080 | |
Dense bush | 0.120 | |
B) Rock | ||
Smooth and even | 0.038 | |
Irregular with roughness | 0.043 | |
Protected ditches | ||
A) Concrete | ||
Unfinished concrete | 0.015 | |
Finishing | 0.013 | |
B) Concrete apron | ||
Stone and mortar walls | 0.018 | |
Concrete block walls | 0.023 | |
Armour stone walls (riprap) | 0.025 | |
C) Gravel apron | ||
Concrete walls | 0.019 | |
Stone and mortar walls | 0.022 | |
Armour stone walls (riprap) | 0.028 | |
D) Brick | 0.016 | |
E) Bituminous concrete | 0.015 | |
F) Wood | 0.012 | |
Road and drainage ditches | ||
A) Depth < 200 mm | ||
Grass 50 mm | 0.058 | |
Grass from 100 to 150 mm | 0.070 | |
Hay 300 mm | 0.130 | |
Hay 600 mm | 0.215 | |
B) depth from 200 to 450 mm | ||
Grass 50 mm | 0.043 | |
Grass from 100 to 150 mm | 0.050 | |
Hay 300 mm | 0.105 | |
Hay 600 mm | 0.145 |
tf | = | Water flow time in the storm water management system constituted of pipes (min); | |
L | = | Length of water flow into the pipe between the intake and the connection point to the storm water management system (m); | |
n | = | Manning’s coefficient of the pipes determined in Table 3.7 (s/m1/3) | |
D | = | Diameter of the pipe (m). If a number of pipes are present on the route, L, an average diameter must be used; | |
S | = | Average slope of water flow (m/m); | |
60 | = | Conversion coefficient for the units. |
Type of pipe | Roughness or corrugation | Manning’s coefficient | |
Round concrete pipe | Smooth | 0.013 | |
Rectangular concrete pipe | Timber formwork (rough) | 0.016 | |
Timber formwork (smooth) | 0.014 | ||
Steel formwork (smooth) | 0.013 | ||
Corrugated steel pipe Annular or helical corrugations | 68 over 13 mm (annular) | ||
Unpaved | 0.024 | ||
25% paved | 0.021 | ||
100% paved | 0.012 | ||
68 over 13 mm (helical) | |||
Unpaved | Variable with D | ||
25% paved | Variable with D | ||
100% paved | 0.012 | ||
76 over 25 mm (helical) | Variable with D | ||
150 over 25 mm | 0.024 | ||
125 over 25 mm | 0.026 | ||
75 over 25 mm | 0.028 | ||
150 over 50 mm | 0.035 | ||
Corrugated steel pipe Multiplates | Variable corrugation | 0.028 – 0.033 | |
Thermoplastic pipe | Smooth inside | 0.010 | |
Corrugated inside | 0.020 | ||
Cast iron pipe | Smooth | 0.013 | |
Steel pipe | Smooth | 0.011 | |
Wood culvert | Smooth | 0.016 |