12. No act, document or writing is binding on or may be attributed to the Société unless it is signed by the chair of the board of directors, the chief executive officer or a member of the personnel of the Société designated by the chief executive officer and, in the latter case, only to the extent determined by an internal by-law of the Société.
Such a by-law may, on the conditions fixed therein, allow the signature to be affixed by means of an automatic device to the documents mentioned in the by-law. It may also allow a facsimile of the signature to be engraved, lithographed or printed on the documents mentioned therein. The facsimile has the same value as the signature itself only if the document is countersigned by a person referred to in the first paragraph.