T-16, r. 4.1 - Regulation respecting the selection procedure of candidates for the office of judge of the Court of Québec, municipal court judge and presiding justice of the peace

Updated to 12 December 2023

This document has official status.

chapter T-16, r. 4.1

Regulation respecting the selection procedure of candidates for the office of judge of the Court of Québec, municipal court judge and presiding justice of the peace

Courts of Justice Act

(chapter T-16, ss. 88 and 163).

Act respecting municipal courts

(chapter C-72.01, ss. 34 and 118).

CHAPTER I SCOPE AND DEFINITION

1. This Regulation establishes the terms and conditions of the selection procedure of candidates for the office of judge of the Court of Québec, municipal court judge and presiding justice of the peace.

It establishes a secretariat responsible for the administration of that procedure.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 1.

2. For the purposes of this Regulation, unless otherwise indicated, “judge” means a judge of the Court of Québec, a municipal court judge and a presiding justice of the peace.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 2.

CHAPTER II SECRETARIAT FOR THE SELECTION OF CANDIDATES FOR JUDICIAL OFFICE

3. The secretariat for the selection of candidates for judicial office, directed by a secretary, is hereby established within the Ministère de la Justice.

The secretary is designated by the Government and acts under the authority of the Deputy Minister of Justice.

The secretary and employees of the secretariat take the oath of discretion appearing in Schedule B.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 3; S.Q. 2022, c. 14, s. 171.

4. The function of the secretariat is to administer the selection procedure of candidates for judicial office. For each competition, the secretariat publishes the information concerning the steps of the selection procedure on the website of the Ministère de la Justice. The secretariat takes the necessary measures to ensure the confidentiality of the information referred to in the first paragraph of section 34.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 4.

5. The secretariat ensures that the members of selection committees receive the training required for the exercise of their functions. The training is given by any means by the secretary or, where applicable, by the person designated by the secretary, in which case the secretary must approve the form and content of the training.

The training includes in particular the structure of the court system, the judicial function in general and the qualities required by section 25 for the office of judge, in relation to the criteria established for the judicial vacancy. In addition, the members of selection committees are aware of the objective to promote gender parity and the representation of cultural communities within the judiciary.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 5; O.C. 1099-2023, s. 1.

6. The secretariat files on the website of the Ministère de la Justice an annual report on the work of the selection committees. The report contains an analysis of the appointments for judicial office considering the representation of men and women and that of cultural communities.

In the report, the secretariat also includes, for each district or court, where applicable, the data relating to the number of judges who have knowledge of a language other than the official language and to the number of hearings held under section 530 of the Criminal Code (R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46) in such a language.

The secretary sends a copy of the report to the Minister of Justice.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 6; S.Q. 2022, c. 14, s. 172.

CHAPTER II.1 PLANNING FOR POSITIONS TO BE FILLED

S.Q. 2022, c. 14, s. 173.

6.1. At least once a year, the Minister invites the chief judge of the Court of Québec, the municipalities in which the chief-place of a municipal court where judges exercise their functions on a full-time and exclusive basis is located, and the associate chief judge of the Court of Québec who is responsible for municipal courts to submit to the Minister, for information purposes, a plan for positions to be filled, taking into account the number of judges in office and the foreseeable vacancies, as well as the offices of judge by division, by place of residence pertaining to an office or by court, where applicable.

In the case of unplanned vacancies, the Minister may consult the chief judge of the Court of Québec, the municipality in which the chief-place of the municipal court is located and the associate chief judge of the Court of Québec who is responsible for municipal courts to obtain their opinion concerning the division concerned, the place of residence pertaining to the office, or the court concerned, where applicable.

S.Q. 2022, c. 14, s. 173.

CHAPTER III SELECTION PROCEDURE

DIVISION I NOTICE OF JUDICIAL VACANCY

7. Where a judge must be appointed, the Minister requests the secretary to hold a competition and to publish on the websites of the Ministère de la Justice, the Barreau du Québec and the Chambre des notaires du Québec a notice inviting interested persons to submit their application.

The Minister indicates to the secretary the information with regard to paragraphs 2, 3 and 5.1 of section 9.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 7; S.Q. 2022, c. 14, s. 174; O.C. 1099-2023, s. 2.

8. A single competition may be held for various offices of judge of the Court of Québec for the same division or divisions or for various offices of presiding justice of the peace, as the case may be, if

(1)  the place of residence pertaining to those offices is the same; or

(2)  the place of residence pertaining to those offices is situated in the territory comprised of the territories of the cities of Montréal, Laval and Longueuil.

A single competition may also be held for various judicial offices for the same municipal court.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 8.

9. The notice includes the following information:

(1)  the legal conditions of eligibility for judicial office;

(2)  the court and the division, if applicable, where an office is vacant;

(3)  the place where the judge’s residence will be established, if applicable;

(4)  the requirement that interested persons submit their application to the secretariat for the selection of candidates for judicial office on the form appearing in Schedule A and provide the documents required in support of their application;

(5)  the selection criteria provided for in section 25 used to assess the application of every candidate met by a selection committee;

(5.1)  the criterion required by the Minister of Justice under section 88.1 of the Courts of Justice Act (chapter T-16), if applicable;

(6)  the address of the secretariat; and

(7)  the final date for submitting one’s application.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 9; S.Q. 2022, c. 14, s. 175.

9.1. The notice must not include the requirement that candidates for the office of judge have knowledge or a specific level of knowledge of a language other than the official language to obtain the position, unless the Minister, after consultation with the Minister of the French Language, considers that such knowledge is necessary for the exercise of that office and that all reasonable means have been taken to avoid imposing such knowledge.

S.Q. 2022, c. 14, s. 176.

10. The secretary sends the notice to the chief judge of the Court of Québec, to the Conseil de la magistrature, to the Bâtonnier du Québec, to the bâtonnier of any division concerned, to the president of the Chambre des notaires du Québec, and to the Office des professions du Québec. In the case of a position to be filled in a municipal court, the notice is also sent to the municipality in which the chief-place of the municipal court is located and to the associate chief judge of the Court of Québec who is responsible for municipal courts.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 10; O.C. 1099-2023, s. 3.

DIVISION II APPLICATION FOR THE OFFICE OF JUDGE

11. Persons who wish to submit their application must, not later than the date indicated in the notice, send to the secretariat the form appearing in Schedule A, duly completed, along with a recent photograph and proof of their entry on the Roll of the Ordre des avocats or the Roll of the Ordre des notaires, if applicable.

In addition, every candidate must

(1)  consent to verifications to be made concerning the candidate with any disciplinary body, any professional order, police authorities and credit agencies;

(2)  undertake to preserve the confidentiality of the filing of the candidate’s application and that of any decision made in respect of the application; and

(3)  undertake not to exert directly or indirectly any influence on the appointment for judicial office.

Paper documents sent by mail are presumed received by the secretariat on the date of mailing. Technology-based documents are presumed received by the secretariat when they become accessible at the address of the secretary, as provided in section 31 of the Act to establish a legal framework for information technology (chapter C-1.1).

O.C. 14-2012, s. 11; O.C. 1099-2023, s. 4.

12. When a candidate’s file is complete and the candidate meets the legal conditions of eligibility, the secretary sends it to the chair of the selection committee established by the Minister and so informs the candidate.

When a candidate’s file is received after the closing date indicated in the notice or the candidate does not meet the legal conditions of eligibility, the secretary returns the file to the candidate, who is deemed not to have applied.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 12.

13. Members of the selection committee may not submit their application for judicial office during their term and for one year following the filing of the report of the selection committee.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 13.

DIVISION III SELECTION COMMITTEE

14. Following publication of the notice, the Minister of Justice establishes the selection committee and appoints the members.

The function of the committee is to assess the applications for judicial office and make a report. The committee may be established to perform its duties in view of more than one competition.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 14.

15. Where a person is to be appointed to the office of judge of the Court of Québec or the office of presiding justice of the peace, the committee is composed of

(1)  the chief judge of the Court of Québec or a judge designated by the chief judge from among the judges of the Court of Québec or presiding justices of the peace, who will act as chair of the committee;

(2)  an advocate or a professor in a law faculty in Québec designated by the Bâtonnier du Québec;

(3)  a notary or a professor in a law faculty in Québec designated by the president of the Chambre des notaires du Québec;

(4)  a person who is neither a judge nor a member of the Barreau du Québec or the Chambre des notaires du Québec, designated by the chair of the Office des professions du Québec;

(5)  for the office of judge assigned to the Criminal and Penal Division, a person designated by the Minister and working in an organization assisting persons who are victims of criminal offences, after consulting such organizations; and

(6)  for the office of judge not assigned to the Criminal and Penal Division, an additional person designed under subparagraph 4.

Where a committee is established to fill a number of positions of judges, at least one of which is assigned to the Criminal and Penal Division, subparagraph 6 of the first paragraph does not apply.

The chief judge favours the designation of various judges to act as chair of a committee.

A judge may not act more than once a year as chair of a committee for the positions to be filled in a same coordinating region or the notices of which include a same place where a judge to be appointed may be called to sit. Any other person designated under the first paragraph to sit on a committee may be designated only once a year.

A retired judge authorized by the Government to exercise judicial functions under section 93 of the Courts of Justice Act (chapter T-16) may be designated by the chief judge under subparagraph 1 of the first paragraph to sit on a committee and act as chair.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 15; O.C. 1099-2023, s. 5.

16. Where a person is to be appointed to the office of municipal court judge, the committee is composed of

(1)  the associate chief judge of the Court of Québec who is responsible for municipal courts or a judge designated by the associate chief judge from among municipal court judges or, after consulting the chief judge of the Court of Québec, from among the judges of the Court of Québec, who will act as chair of the committee;

(2)  an advocate or a professor in a law faculty in Québec designated by the Bâtonnier du Québec;

(3)  a notary or a professor in a law faculty in Québec designated by the president of the Chambre des notaires du Québec;

(4)  a person who is neither a judge nor a member of the Barreau du Québec or the Chambre des notaires du Québec, designated by the chair of the Office des professions du Québec;

(5)  for the office of judge assigned to a municipal court that tries proceedings commenced under Part XXVII of the Criminal Code (R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46), a person designated by the Minister and working in an organization assisting persons who are victims of criminal offences, after consulting such organizations; and

(6)  for the office of judge assigned to a municipal court that does not try proceedings commenced under Part XXVII of the Criminal Code, an additional person designated under subparagraph 4.

Where a committee is established to fill a number of positions of judges, at least one of which is assigned to a municipal court that tries proceedings commenced under Part XXVII of the Criminal Code, subparagraph 6 of the first paragraph does not apply.

The associate chief judge of the Court of Québec who is responsible for municipal courts favours the designation of various judges to act as chair of a committee.

A judge may not act more than once a year as chair of a committee for the positions to be filled in a same coordinating region or the notices of which include a same place where a judge to be appointed may be called to sit. Any other person designated under the first paragraph to sit on a committee may be designated only once a year.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 16; O.C. 1099-2023, s. 6.

17. For the purposes of subparagraphs 2 to 6 of the first paragraph of sections 15 and 16, the persons who designate the members of the committee must, on a yearly basis and where possible to do so, tend towards gender parity and promote the representation of cultural communities and that of the population of the region covered by the position of judge to be filled.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 17; O.C. 1099-2023, s. 7.

18. Where a member is absent or disqualifies himself or herself, the Minister may appoint a person to act as a substitute, following the mode of appointment prescribed for the appointment of the member to replace.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 18.

19. Members must take the oath of discretion appearing in Schedule B.

They must take the measures required to ensure the confidentiality of the information referred to in the first paragraph of section 34.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 19.

19.1. A person who agrees to sit on a committee must have the required availability.

O.C. 1099-2023, s. 8.

20. Members must undergo the training proposed by the secretariat established in Chapter II.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 20.

21. A member must disqualify himself or herself with respect to a candidate

(1)  if that member is or has been the candidate’s spouse;

(2)  if that member is related to the candidate by blood or marriage to the degree of first cousin inclusively;

(3)  if that member is or has been a partner, employer, immediate superior or employee of the candidate in the last 10 years; or

(4)  if there is reasonable cause to fear that the member will not be impartial for any other reason.

For the purposes of subparagraph 4 of the first paragraph, a member must immediately bring to the attention of the chair of the committee any fact to justify reasonable apprehension of bias.

A candidate may bring a ground for disqualification of one of its members to the attention of the committee that assesses his or her application.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 21; O.C. 1099-2023, s. 9.

22. (Revoked).

O.C. 14-2012, s. 22; O.C. 1099-2023, s. 10.

22.1. A person who holds a position within a municipal, provincial or federal political party, such as an officer, its official representative and its official agent or a person holding an elective position, may not be designated to sit on a committee.

O.C. 1099-2023, s. 11.

DIVISION IV OPERATION OF THE SELECTION COMMITTEE

23. The chair of the committee decides every question relating to the operation, work and report of the committee, including those relating to the application of section 21.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 23.

24. The chair informs the candidates of the date and place where they will be met. The candidates must promptly be met by the committee.

The committee must meet candidates privately.

The chair may exceptionally authorize, instead of a meeting, the holding of an interview using means that allow participants to see and hear each other.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 24; O.C. 1099-2023, s. 12.

DIVISION V SELECTION CRITERIA

25. To assess the application of a candidate, the committee considers the following criteria:

(1)  the candidate’s competencies, including

(a)  personal and intellectual qualities, integrity, knowledge, except knowledge of a language other than the official language, unless that requirement is included in the notice, and general experience;

(b)  extent of knowledge of the law and experience in the areas of law in which the judicial duties will be performed; and

(c)  capacity for judgment, insight, level-headedness, ability to set priorities and to render a decision within a reasonable time, and quality of expression in French, the language of the courts in Québec;

(2)  the candidate’s conception of the judicial office;

(3)  the candidate’s motivation for the judicial office;

(4)  the candidate’s human, professional, social and community experience;

(5)  the candidate’s level of awareness with respect to social realities; and

(6)  recognition by the legal community of the candidate’s qualities and competencies.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 25; S.Q. 2022, c. 14, s. 177.

DIVISION VI REPORT OF THE SELECTION COMMITTEE

26. In order to allow the Minister to make a recommendation to the Cabinet, the selection committee draws up a report indicating, in alphabetical order, the names of the 3 best candidates the committee proposes, namely, those whose application best meets the criteria set out in section 25, to be appointed as judges. Where a competition is held for more than one office, the number of candidates proposed must be 3 for each additional office and a candidate may only be proposed for one office. The decision on the proposed candidates is made by the majority of the members.

Where 3 candidates or less submit their application for an office, the committee so indicates in the report and proposes each candidate. If the Minister cannot choose one of the candidates to be recommended to the Cabinet, the competition is cancelled for that office.

In its report, the committee gives a personalized appreciation of the proposed candidates.

No political affiliation may be considered by the committee when assessing the applications and making proposals to the Minister or by the Minister when choosing a candidate to be recommended to the Cabinet.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 26; O.C. 1099-2023, s. 13.

27. The proposals of the committee are valid only for an office included in the competition for which the committee is established.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 27.

28. The chair sends the committee’s report to the secretary.

The secretary sends to the Deputy Minister the report along with the files of proposed candidates. The Deputy Minister sends the report to the Minister.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 28.

29. For each proposed candidate, the secretary makes the necessary verifications with the syndic of the professional orders and the persons designated, within each of them, by disciplinary bodies, police authorities and credit agencies. They must take the oath of discretion appearing in Schedule C and take the measures required to ensure the confidentiality of the information received concerning the candidates. They may discuss the information only with the secretary or, where authorized by the secretary, with another person within their organization who has also taken the oath of discretion appearing in Schedule C.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 29; O.C. 1099-2023, s. 14.

DIVISION VII SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO MUNICIPAL COURT JUDGES

30. A judge appointed to a municipal court may be appointed to another municipal court. To that end, the judge must, following the publication of a notice of judicial vacancy, submit his or her application in accordance with Division II.

For the purposes of the first paragraph, Chapter III applies, with the following modifications:

(1)  the candidate must send the documents referred to in section 11 within the period provided for in the notice of selection to the associate chief judge of the Court of Québec who is responsible for municipal courts;

(2)  the associate chief judge of the Court of Québec who is responsible for municipal courts must send to the secretary the documents referred to in paragraph 1 and his or her comments on every application received under the first paragraph within 30 days after the expiry of the period provided for in the notice of selection;

(3)  the candidate referred to in the first paragraph is deemed to have been proposed by the selection committee; and

(4)  the number of candidates proposed under the first paragraph of section 26 is increased by the number of municipal court judges who submitted their application.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 30.

DIVISION VIII EXPENSES AND ALLOWANCES OF MEMBERS OF A SELECTION COMMITTEE

31. Committee members, except judges and members who hold offices or positions in the public service or in a body or agency whose members are appointed by the Government, receive fees of $250 per half day of attending committee meetings or training activities.

Despite the first paragraph, a municipal court judge who does not exercise the functions on a full-time and exclusive basis is entitled, for each half day of attending committee meetings or training activities, to half the remuneration to which the judge is entitled when presiding a block meeting in accordance with Order in Council 31-2008 dated 31 January 2008 and subsequent amendments.

In addition, a retired judge authorized by the Government to exercise judicial functions under section 93 of the Courts of Justice Act (chapter T-16) is entitled, for each half day of attending committee meetings or training activities, to half the remuneration to which the judge is entitled under section 118 of the Act for a working day.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 31; O.C. 1099-2023, s. 15.

32. Members are entitled to be reimbursed for expenses incurred to attend committee meetings or training activities, as provided in the order made under section 119 of the Courts of Justice Act (chapter T-16).

O.C. 14-2012, s. 32.

DIVISION IX MISCELLANEOUS

33. If, after receiving a committee’s report and considering the list of proposed candidates, the Minister is of the opinion that, in the best interests of justice, the Minister cannot choose for a position a candidate to be recommended to the Cabinet for appointment, the competition is cancelled for that position.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 33; O.C. 1099-2023, s. 16.

34. The names of candidates, the selection committee’s report, the list of proposed candidates and documents relating to an application are confidential. The members of the selection committee may not discuss the information with persons who are not members of the committee.

Despite the first paragraph, every candidate is informed by the secretary of whether or not the candidate has been proposed by the committee, after the appointment of the candidate retained for judicial office.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 34; O.C. 1099-2023, s. 17.

CHAPTER IV FINAL

35. The Regulation respecting the procedure for the selection of persons apt for appointment as judges (chapter T-16, r. 5) and the Regulation respecting the procedure for the selection of persons for appointment as municipal judges (O.C. 915-89, 89-06-14) are revoked.

Despite the foregoing, those Regulations continue to apply to the selection procedures in progress on the date of coming into force of this Regulation. However, every declaration of aptitude of a candidate for judicial appointment, for which a competition was held under a regulation revoked by the first paragraph, has no effect in respect of a competition for which a notice was published under this Regulation.

O.C. 14-2012, s. 35.

36. (Omitted).

O.C. 14-2012.

SCHEDULE A

(ss. 9 and 11)

Application for the office of judge of the Court of Québec, municipal court judge or presiding justice of the peace

O.C. 14-2012, Sch. A; S.Q. 2021, c. 32, s. 21; O.C. 1099-2023, s. 18.

SCHEDULE B

(ss. 3 and 19)

OATH OF DISCRETION

I declare under oath that I will not reveal or disclose, unless duly authorized, anything that may come to my knowledge in the discharge of my duties.

________________________________

Name of declarant

Sworn before me

at ______________________________

this _____________________________

________________________________

Person authorized to administer the oath

O.C. 14-2012, Sch. B.

SCHEDULE C

(s. 29)

OATH OF DISCRETION

I declare under oath that I will not reveal or disclose, unless duly authorized, anything that may come to my knowledge when making the verifications requested by the secretary of the secretariat for the selection of candidates for judicial office.

If another person within my organization must be consulted for the requested verifications, including a superior, I will obtain the authorization of the secretary and will make sure that that person takes the same oath of discretion before consulting the person.

____________________________________

Name of declarant

Sworn before me

at __________________________________

this _________________________________

___________________________________

Person authorized to administer the oath

O.C. 1099-2023, s. 19.

REFERENCES

O.C. 14-2012, 2012 G.O. 2, 17A

S.Q. 2021, c. 32, s. 21

S.Q. 2022, c. 14, ss. 171 to 177

O.C. 1099-2023, 2023 G.O. 2, 1733